What is the primary ingredient in most hair relaxers?

The primary ingredient in most hair relaxers is sodium hydroxide. This chemical compound, often referred to as lye, is known for its strong alkaline properties, which play a crucial role in the hair straightening process. Sodium hydroxide breaks down the disulfide bonds in the hair's keratin structure, allowing the hair to be reshaped and straightened.

When applied correctly, sodium hydroxide effectively alters the hair's texture, making it smoother and more manageable. It is important for users and professionals to understand how to properly use products containing this ingredient, as incorrect usage can lead to hair damage or scalp irritation due to its high pH level.

Other choices, while they may have roles in various hair treatments, do not serve as the primary ingredient in most relaxers. Calcium carbonate, for instance, is typically not used in hair relaxers; ethyl alcohol is often found in styling products but does not relax hair; and ammonium thioglycolate is more common in curly perm formulations rather than in straightening relaxers. Thus, sodium hydroxide stands out as the key active ingredient in achieving the desired straightened hair result.